Global Communications Essay

While thanking you for the opportunity provided to research on Toyota company, there are several issues that neither be possible explained in detail in this letter nor directly in conversation. It is an agreeable fact that, Toyota is marginally successful in these global trade times in spite of stiff competition. A great strength of the company exists in its innovative and exchange of technology. There are several internal problems for the company in production process, workforce and even in marketing of cars. Toyota company is a middle class and commercial automobile company, which is meeting a great requirement of migrant workers and small businesses which are developing each new day especially in U. S, which is being cashed in by Toyota company. However there are major concerns of global crude oil price which has reached $100. 00 per barrel and a concern of global warming and emission of greenhouse gases, CO2, vehicle pollution are some of the major threats that Toyota has to work with in order to sustain in the market. Enclosing herewith a synopsis for your perusal and information. Sincerely, Paulbright Synopsis on Toyota Toyota company is a multinational company in manufacture of automobiles. There are millions of customers who are using Toyota cars on a daily basis for office going and for other commercial purposes. Especially in U. S. Toyota cars are extremely in use and even in the recent years, Toyota company has posted a rapid growth by its successful brand Prius Hybrid vehicle. Many experts in automobiles are of the opinion that Toyota has established â€Å"green image† in automobile market. Toyota company mark as a monopoly did not leave the company without problems in spite of its remarkable success. The problems are in various measures such as internal and external which the company’s management has to deal with. Although Toyota company is performing fairly well as compared with competitors there are problems of defective engines, designs and production problems which reflect in fall of sales. Particularly with regard to safety defects in Toyota vehicles is of a major concern to the company. Toyota company has a great experience in adoption of new technologies, innovation of technology and exchange of technology. However, with the emerge of globalisation, there is a stiff competition in the market, which brings in new kind of marketing problems, employment problems and other management problems to the company, whereas it is an agreeable fact that when there are problems, solution exists within the problem whether it is in production, workforce or marketing and these require proper identification of sources of problem, analysis and strategies to counter-attack the problem in order to keep the growth of the company. Especially with global fuel price rise in oil market, bringing a new major concern to Toyota company, which discourages customers to purchase petrol or diesel driven automobiles with the fact that fuel filling is quite expensive. Therefore Toyota company has launched Toyota FCHW which runs with Hydrogen have also entered consumer market as substitute vehicles for petrol and diesel. These hydrogen vehicles also help in less emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. In spite of the acute measure of problems, Toyota company has been endeavoring constantly pursuing comfort with technology aid and in introducing more outperforming and outstanding vehicles into the cars market. Running head: GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 202, Chenoy Avenue St. Joseph’s street Las Vegas – 232 001 (xxx) (xxx xxx) paulbright@yahoo. com February 3, 2008 Mr. Noel Park Automobile Consultant 222, Business Trade center California – 452 005 Dear Mr. Park, Thanks indeed for the good opportunity to research on General Motors. It was a knowledgeable experience in finding some key facts about the company. General Motors is truly facing a halted position in U. S market and is doing very well outside U. S. However, retaining a proportionate share of domestic market is considered to be good at all times with the fact that â€Å"one does not lose battle on one’s own ground† . Have stated some of the alternative measures of strategies General Motors has to undertake with immediate effect and mode of change in operational methods. Enclosing herewith synopsis of General Motors for your perusal and for further necessary action. Sincerely, Paulbright Synopsis on General Motors Another multinational company General Motors with huge and massive successful track of business for several decades, has come to a stage of halt in U. S market as its competitors Toyota, Honda,Hyundai and Nissan have built a proportionate consumer market in U. S. It is an acceptable fact that, General Motors brands of cars are extremely of efficient functioning and due to changing times of global trade entering domestic market, GM has lost sales in an uneven field. This gives out another fact that losing U. S market does not mean that GM has lost consumer market in other countries viz. , Canada, Europe, Asia and many other parts of the world. GM luxury cars Chevrolet, Saturn, Pontiac, GMC, Saab, Hummer and several other models of car have to be made available in market with super special features of advanced technology with cost effective pricing. As a matter of fact, although middle class consumer market is extensive and wide, luxury cars have always retained a unique identity in the market such as in Benz cars, BMW and Lexus. In other words, General Motors must work on innovative manufacturing and marketing strategies in order to maintain its yester years reputation and to keep the sale of cars in high numbers even in losing ground of U. S. market. GM must also work to evolve new methods of marketing to prevent loss of consumer market in North America with the fact that North America has a huge market even if it is for luxury cars. Therefore, General Motors while pursuing other export market, a part of its concentration must also be ventured in North America consumer market. With an apparent fact of severe battle with competitors, General Motors has also been confronted with workforce problems by cutting 30,000 jobs and closure of a dozen plants due to company’s record of loss which posted nearly to $4 billion in 2005. â€Å"GM sought to destroy small dealers through their so-called secret Project 2000, which GM defined as the systematic elimination of small dealerships by the year 2000, and was designed to consolidate car sales at large auto malls,† (Horvath). Running head: GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS 202, Chenoy Avenue St. Joseph’s street Las Vegas – 232 001 (xxx) (xxx xxx) paulbright@yahoo. com February 3, 2008 Mr. Noel Park Automobile Consultant 222, Business Trade center California – 452 005 Dear Mr. Park, With regard to the synopsis of Toyota and General Motors, the following are some of the key findings. (a) The scenario of Toyota and General Motors is fair and competitive. Both the companies have internal, external and operational method problems. General Motors is partly facing a financial crunch due to its fall in sales and this can be prevented on undertaking of new marketing strategies in U. S as well in other parts of the world where GM branded cars are mostly in want. (b) Problems of production, workforce, management are plenty in Toyota whereas General Motors has slashed jobs and have closed plants in many countries as a precautionary measure. It can always be presumed that these plants would be restored to production as and when the company regains its market. (c) No company can meet every demand of a customer whereas every model of car has a particular design and technicality and with this fact, it can be concluded that branded cars always retain its reputation even though new entries are available in the market at low cost. The trend in market is never constant and it keeps changing and General Motors has an opportunity to watch this trend of consumer market and must restore its marketing strategies. References Michael Kowalski (2007), Rapid Growth has lead to problems for Toyota Accessed February 3, 2008 http://www. glgroup. com/News/Rapid-Growth-has-lead-to-problems-for-Toyota-18827. html Should President Bush be focused on moving forward with Hydrogen? Accessed February 3, 2008 http://hydrogendiscoveries. wordpress. com/ Books Cornelius Herstatt (2005) Management of Technology And Innovation in Japan Accessed February 3, 2008 http://books. google. com/books? id=KC7zgDeAnc8C&pg=PR22&lpg=PR19&dq=toyota+company+problems+and+solutions&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html&sig=7ATxnpTUENdyS6Dd22CkmAh24ko General Motors GM: Solutions for effective change Accessed February 3, 2008 http://ezinearticles. com/? GM:-Solutions-For-Effective-Change&id=152642 General Motors problems are no secret, but few know why they exist: Insider provides answer in New Book ‘Project 2000’

Global Warming and Its Effects in Mumbai, India

A Paper on Global Warming and Its Effectss in Mumbai, India com/aaimagestore/essays/0817976.001.jpg"/> Present Scenario At A Glance: Global heating implies enhanced green house consequence, which entraps solar radiations, accordingly increasing the overall temperature of the Earth. The GHG creates a cover in the lower strata of the earth’s atmosphere and this phenomenon consequences chiefly from human activities. The mean planetary temperatures and CO2 degree in the ambiance are higher than they have of all time been in the yesteryear. Records show that the last 25 old ages have been the warmest in the past 5 centuries. Current state of affairs is traveling towards 4 – 5Â ° C by 2100, which seems ruinous to scientists for biodiversity, utmost conditions or low-lying rise. An addition of 2-4Â ° C may take to 10-20 % addition in cyclonal strength. This heating can travel up to an addition of average surface temperature by 3.5-5Â ° C by the terminal of the century. Fig 1:Current Green House Gas Emissions all over the universe( 1000000s of dozenss ) The recent ruinous climatic events in India are the effects of planetary heating. Mumbai, the concern capital of India, is highly vulnerable to lifting sea degrees. Harmonizing to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) , the Arabian Sea degree around Mumbai is steadily lifting at the rate of 2.4 millimeters per twelvemonth and expected to lift up to 15-38 centimeter by 2050. The metropolis is in a seismal zone and prone to see monolithic temblor or a elephantine tsunami doing impossible loss of human lives and assets. This needfully means that this would impact the economic system of the full state. Harmonizing to a 2012 study, about 2.7 million people live in countries at hazard of deluging. Until 1990, the average annually rainfall in Mumbai was 2129 millimeter, which rose by 50 % in 2005-06 ( 3214 millimeter ) . In 2005, a ruinous inundation occurred in Mumbai, doing decease of more than 5000 people and 26 July 2005 was known as the BLACK DAY in the history of Mumb ai since so. Recently, winters in Mumbai have been the coldest with temperature every bit low as 8Â ° C, when an mean temperature is about 18-25Â ° C in the past 50 old ages. Issues like the monolithic environmental debasement due to population growing and ever-increasing built-up countries worsened the hazard in Mumbai. Indian urban wetlands have reduced by 30 % in the last 50 old ages due to the rapid urban development and dumping of waste in H2O organic structures. The state of affairs is even more important because of its clime alterations due to population denseness, and its major industrial and fiscal developments many of which are developed merely above sea degree and below the high-tide degree. This inhibits natural overflow of surface H2O through the complicated web of drains, rivers, brooks and pools that drain straight in the sea and during high tides sea H2O can come in the system and lead to salt H2O flood. As a consequence, foundations of many edifices along the seashore have already started gnawing taking to a great danger. Approximately 101155 dozenss of municipal solid waste is generated in the metropolitan part, which includes biodegrada ble waste, reclaimable waste and dust. Bettering the drainage system in Mumbai could cut down the losingss associated with a inundation event by 70 % . Fig 2: Monthly Total Rainfall over Santacruz in July ( 1959-2005 ) Economic Impacts due to Climatic Catastrophes: Though Indian economic system happens to be as one of the fastest turning major economic systems, the climatic catastrophes are impacting it greatly. Harmonizing to The Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, if the planetary heating continues to lift, climatic catastrophes would do a lessening in India’s GDP by approximately 9 % . An estimated 11.4 million people and assets worth of $ 1.3 trillion would be in danger in Mumbai due to climatic catastrophes by 2070. Surveies were besides carried out by National Climatic Data Center to analyse the economic impacts from clime alteration. Bombay is likely to endure infrastructural losingss including airdromes, roads, ports, tracks, bridges up to INR 4,000 crores due to climate alteration. Surveies suggest that losingss could lift by 35 % for utmost rainfall event In Mumbai. In 2005 calamity 14,000 places were destroyed, and more than 350,000 places were affected. That twelvemonth the metropolis was impacted straight with e conomic amendss of about two billion USD and 500 human deaths. Due to climate alteration, the entire losingss for a 1-in-100 twelvemonth event could manifold by three times of the current state of affairs ( to $ 690 – $ 1890 million USD ) . Actions Taken So Far: National Disaster Management Authority, The Ministry of Environment and Forests, the Ministry of External Affairs, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Prime Minister’s Office set guidelines for the catastrophe related issues. Some of the major policies that have been issued since 1953 1s:Ministerial commission on inundation control -1964Minister ‘s commission on inundation and inundation alleviation – 1972Working group on inundation control for five twelvemonth programsNational committee for incorporate H2O resource development program -1996National H2O policy – 1987National Flood Commission -1980Five regional undertaking forces – 1996Advisers were appointed to analyze the storm H2O drainage system and to fix programs for faster disposal of overflow, cut downing inundation continuance and came up with a Maestro Plan for augmentation of SWD System and submitted concluding study, known as BRIMSTOWAD Report, in 1993. Measures taken by Central and State Governments: Structures built to forestall inundations:EmbankmentsDamsNatural detainment basinsChannel bettermentsDrain constructionsFlood zoningFlood proofingWater shed developmentBelow Government organic structures were formed for Flood Management:State Flood Control DepartmentCentral Water CommissionThe Ministry of Home Affairs has taken the Community Based Disaster Preparedness enterprise which works with the aid of the local people and the NGOs to assist people fix themselves for different climatic catastrophes by mobilising them easy, and supplying alleviation to the affected part. It besides helps to fix the seasonal calendars to foretell the climatic catastrophes, step the hazards for the community and take actions to cover with them. In December 2005, after Mumbai calamity, Government of India enacted the Disaster Management Act, under which the National Disaster Management Authority and State Disaster Management Authorities were created. The Act besides constituted Disaster Response Fund and Disaster Mitigation Fund at national, province and territory degrees. In Maharashtra, the province authorities consequently has prepared the Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan ( DMAP ) in 2007. Under this, the hazards and exposures have been identified associated with inundations, temblors, landslides and cyclones. The program includes specific alleviation and extenuation steps, Land usage planning and policies, substructure betterments and eventuality programs for Mumbai. In DMAP, measures for substructure betterments might necessitate a longer clip in footings of the socio-economic and political context of the metropolis. Besides, the policies and planning will non be utile and effectual unless they are implemented with schemes to cover with slums and migrators into the metropolis. A investigative commission ( CHITALE commission ) was established by Government of Maharashtra station 2005 inundations to look into the causes of the catastrophe and do recommendations to cut down hereafter hazards which greatly emphasized on steps to better the city’s drainage systems. The execution of recommendations included broadening of the river channel, cross-drainage work in the catchment country, remotion of invasions along the river Bankss, solid waste disposal systems, cancellation of licence of the polluting industries, controling outflowing discharge in the river and building of public lavatories, intensifying of the river for making green buffer zones, extra broadening and deepening of the river, prolongation of 18 Bridgess and river crossings. Enterprises taken by cardinal authorities, province authorities and local organic structures are as below: Enterprises at the Government Level:Integrated Energy Policy, 2006Reforming Energy Markers ( Electricity Act 2005, Duty Policy 2003, Petroleum & A ; Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006 )Energy Conservation Act, 2001New and Renewable Energy Policy, 2005Energy Conservation Building Code, 200650,000 MW Hydroelectric Initiative, 2003The National Action Plan on Climate Change: Prime Minister Climate Change Action Plan and the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission are major enterprises of the Central and State Governments to advance ecologically sustainable growing and reference country’s energy security challenge. The Mission marks to make a policy model to deploy 20,000 MW of solar power by 2022Natural Resources & A ; Environment Capability Plan Implementation 2008 -11.Enterprises at Local Body Level:Compulsory rain H2O reaping for all edificesPromoting energy efficient edificesImproved waste directionPrecedence to public conveyance substructurePromoting recycle and reuse of waste H2OBan on PlasticUse of energy salvaging led lampsAir pollution monitoringSchools Campaigns for consciousnessUse of Mass Transit, Car poolsUse of CNG alternatively of gasolineUse of bikeSpecific Undertakings in Mumbai Metropolitan Region:Mithi River Development Mumbai MetroDesign and building of skywalks in MMR at 67 topographic pointsBRIMSTOWAD and Mumbai Sewage Disposal Project Priority WorksMumbai Trans Harbour Sea Link Project with dispersion systemMumbai Urban Transport ProjectMumbai Metro LineBandra Worli Sea LinkDharavi Redevelopment ProjectMumbai Urban Infrastructure ProjectRehabilitation of Pavement DwellersMonorail UndertakingMumbai City Development Plan 2005-2025The province signed a Memorandum of Understanding of biennial survey across the province with The Energy & A ; Resources Institute for aRs.97.99-lakh. It will analyse jutting clime alteration impact on services like H2O resources, agribusiness, migration, marine ecosystems and support. TERI wi ll analyse a exposure index for all the sectors, impacted from variables like temperature alteration, sea degree rise and the frequence of happening of utmost events and suggest version programs for Mumbai to cover with catastrophes originating from clime alteration. The survey will measure clime alteration impacts on wellness, ecosystems, markets and urge policies to get by up with these with alterations in land usage, lodging and urban development. It estimates that the cost of clime change-related amendss to the metropolis would beabout INR2.28 hundred thousand crore if there is no version program for these catastrophes. Cardinal Government besides plans to pass INR 300,000 crores to bring forth 60,000 MW power. International Enterprises: The Natural Resources Defense Council is a New York City-based, non-profit international environmental protagonism group. NRDC ‘s India Initiative on Climate Change and Clean Energy, which was launched in 2009, works with spouses in India to assist the state construct a low-carbon, sustainable economic system. Their work in India involves four interrelated following undertakings:i‚Â · Enhancing U.S.-India Cooperation on Climate Changei‚Â · Fixing for Public Health Impacts of Climate Changei‚Â · Increasing Building Efficiencyi‚Â · Strengthening Environmental GovernanceIdeas to Implement: From Best Practices across the World: Despite the enterprises and actions taken by the Indian authorities, planetary warming supports on increasing taking the state towards a greater danger. To endeavor with it, the state should hold a richer proficient attack, networking and expansive audience procedures at every occasion. Few attacks that might turn out highly helpful are as below: Land usage planning:Measuring matching resiliency of the metropolis to heavy precipitations and clime alteration and districting take the right adaptative steps. Zoning can assist accomplish big hazard decrease and its methodological analysis might include inside informations in hydrological modeling and analyses on clime alteration scenarios. Consistent hazard direction policies:An appropriate hazard direction policy would include all steps such as reduced edifice exposure, land-use programs, information and communicating to the community, improved drainage, insurance strategies, and support to Reconstruction. Frequent low-impact events like the inundations happening frequently in Mumbai could be avoided by improved drainage. For more terrible events ; population information, zoning and land-use programs and forestalling dweller to settle in flood-prone zones could cut down the badness. For exceeding inundations ; early warning and emptying are necessity, along with support for Reconstruction and insurance to extenuate economic losingss. Hazard designation, exposure appraisal and hazard analysis find where people, belongings, and critical installations are exposed to different natural jeopardies. Micro-level planning:For developingeffective drainage systems Anti-erosion stepsat beaches and seafronts Execution of theprotection program:For Rhizophora mangles and other wetland countries Introduction ofadvanced edifice building patterns: Reducing the salt content of new edifice stuffs ; upgrading of older edifices ; and scrutiny of stableness of seaside edifices at hazard of land eroding Greaterinvesting:Investings in heath sector, wellness attention installations and wellness infrastructurefor supplying medical attention to people affected by clime alteration. Introduction ofEnergy Conservation Measuresat all degrees Enhancement of the urban ecosystem: Creation of more unfastened infinites, verdure, Parkss and tree-lined roads. Comprehensive Emergency Management Plans and Post-Disaster Redevelopment Plans:This includes emptying and sheltering, pull offing the development and renovation of land exposed to natural jeopardies. The authorities must construct butchs to make a barrier against the billowing sea and salvage the bing Rhizophora mangles environing the metropolis from being destroyed further. Community battle:The communities should understand the hazard they might see, and besides the demand to take immediate and long term actions. They should be consulted on a regular footing during the decision-making procedure to by the contrivers, applied scientists and designers to do this enterprise a success. Adaptive Architectures for Resilience:Adaptable houses could be built that respond to inundations, and every bit useable the remainder of the twelvemonth. For most of the twelvemonth, these houses function as an ordinary resort whereas during inundations it transforms to supply an option ‘turned around’ life agreement to be adopted. Some international illustrations besides show that the houses could be built on concrete drifting organic structures. These houses can cover with an addition in H2O degree of up to 5.5 meters. The population addition and planetary heating effects in Mumbai will jeopardize the metropolis much more in approaching yearss. It is high clip that Central, State Governments and Local organic structures become cognizant of the gravitation of the state of affairs and do necessary policies in urban and environmental planning, where the dwellers besides take active engagement to salvage the metropolis Citations / Mentions:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeGlobal Warming and Its Impacts on Climate of India (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.climateemergencyinstitute.com/uploads/GLOBAL_WARMING_AND_ITS_IMPACTS_ON_CLIMATE_OF_INDIA.pdf)Best Practices: Land Use Planning Strategies and Best Development Practices for Minimizing Vulnerability to Flooding and Coastal Storms by Florida Department of Community Affair, Division of Community Planning and Emergency Management (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.floridajobs.org/fdcp/dcp/hazardmitigation/files/Protecting_FL_Comm.pdf)Best Practices: Confronting up to lifting sea-levels ; a programme of research on deluging in UK carried out by the RIBA and the Institution of Civil Engineers (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buildingfutures.org.uk/assets/downloads/Facing_Up_To_Rising_Sea_Levels.pdf)Best Practices:Pull offing Flood Risks in Parishes ; A Best Practice Guide Produced by The Hampshire Flood Steering Group 2nd Edition (hypertex t transfer protocol: //www.leics.gov.uk/flood_risks_in_parishes.pdf)Mumbai City Development Plan 2005-2025 (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.karmayog.org/docs/mumbai2005-25.pdf)Concluding Report for Enhancing Adaptation to Climate Change by Integrating Climate Risk into Long-Term Development Plan and Disaster Management Project by Asia Pacific Network for Global Change ResearchBenchmarking Urban Sustainability – A Composite Index for Mumbai and Bangalore by B.Sudhakara Reddy and P. Balachandra (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/WP-2013-008.pdf)Natural Resources Defense Council (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nrdc.org/international/india/)Current Enterprises of Local Governments in India by Dr. Jatin V. Modi (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.city.hamamatsu.shizuoka.jp/foreign/english/intercity_cooperation/pdf/congre_08.pdf)Economic impact of clime alteration on Mumbai, India by Rakesh Kumar, Parag Jawale and Shalini Tandon (hypertext transf er protocol: //www.pl.boell.org/alt/download_en/Regional_Health_Forum_Volume_12_No_1_Economic_impact_of.pdf)Mumbai City Report by Archana Patankar, Anand Patwardhan, Janki Andharia, Vikas Lakhani (hypertext transfer protocol: //startcc.iwlearn.org/doc/Doc_eng_16.pdf)hypertext transfer protocol: //energymatters.webs.com/Sai Solar System (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.saisolarsystem.in/JNNSM.html)The Times of India, Environment (hypertext transfer protocol: //articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-12/global-warming/35067898_1_climate-change-mumbai-oecd-study)Hindustan Times (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Climate-change-action-plan-for-Mumbai-in-two-years/Article1-525623.aspx)Google images

Hip Hop The Commodification Of African American Women

Hip-Hop Music: The Commodification of African-American Women Since its emergence in the 1980s, hip-hop has taken the world by storm; it has impacted and revolutionized the way people behave, dress, and think. Hip-hop music enables people to connect in a way they would never be able to with any other genre of music. Although, hip-hop has swayed different generations over the years, its influence has not always been positive. In the past, hip-hop focused more on current events in society, personal struggles, life experiences and serving as a voice for the youth. However in recent years, hip-hop music has begun to promulgate a lust for material affluence, and in doing so romanticizes violence, drug usage, and the exploitation of women. No longer is hip-hop about what moves the audience rhythmically and makes them think; today it’s all about what sells, sex. In the past, sexual content and appeal was simply i in lyrics and music videos to spice things up, but now it is virtually a n essential. The psyche of those in the ego-driven hip-hop world is that having a plethora of women on your side, especially black women, is equivalent to success. In hip-hop women are treated as human beings whom are not worthy of respect and are instead treated like sexual objects and prizes. In Jay-Z’s song, â€Å"Money, Cash, and Hoes†, he raps â€Å"If you get close enough you can read the scripture: it reads: money, cash, hoes†. This line alone is a perfect example of what rappers truly define asShow MoreRelatedHip Hop And Rap Music1584 Words   |  7 PagesHip hop music is one of the most popular genres in present time that rose to prominence in the 1980’s. The hip hop genre was born in the African American community and has since then changed into what it is today. 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Anything that conveysRead MoreThree Waves of Variation Study14802 Words   |  60 Pagesstudy of African American speakers in Detroit showed women’s speech to be consistently more standard (i.e. in most cases to use fewer variables considered diagnostic of AAVE) than men’s across the socioeconomic hierarchy. British studies showed similar results (Trudgill 1974, Macaulay 1977). Other studies in the US, though, have shown quite mixed gender patterns. While women as a group tend to use more standard variants than men for stable variables, and for morphosyntactic variables, women overwhelmingly

Definition and Examples of the Fallacy of Name-Calling

Advantages of Legalizing Prostitution - 1749 Words

Prostitution is known as the oldest profession and has been around for millenniums, dating back to Roman, Byzantine, Greek and Egyptian empires (Baldwin, 2004). The ancient cultures of those empires dealt with the needs of the group and consequently developed protocols for dealing with sexual relations that have propagated throughout time to the modern era. As a result, prostitution is prominent in society today. When analyzing the sex trade, the factors of cultural precedence, philosophy, religion and politics are what each country or society considers when deciding laws regarding prostitution (Liberator, 2005). Many idealists would like to see prostitution outlawed, however prostitution is a billion-dollar-global industry that is not†¦show more content†¦In enacting this measure, the government was attempting to bring its official stance in accordance with a reality in which prostitution was already tolerated. This legalization was aimed at eliminating illegal exploitatio n, improving the working conditions of prostitutes and handicapping criminal enterprises. However, even with such regulations, further reforms appear to be needed and are currently under deliberation in Amsterdam. One of these reforms is a proposed law for the regulation of prostitution and control of abuses in the sex industry. It aims to establish a better and more uniform law to be applied nationwide. If this reform is passed, the prostitutes will have to register at a national level, after which they will be briefed on issues including risks of prostitution, social security, and other employment opportunities. In addition, anyone who wants to start a prostitution business will have to apply for a permit (Cruz, 2014). These possible new regulations in the Netherlands would benefit prostitutes immensely, allowing them to find other job options or by providing them with a safer work environment. 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Boot Camp Debate Essay Example For Students

Boot Camp Debate Essay In any of todays society no matter where you look there will be some evidence of crime present. This statement derives from a sociologist theory that says no society can exists without crime. The government is constantly looking for new ways to deal with these reoccurring problems. The focus has been placed upon the government to look into young offenders and the style used to punish them. Weapons possession is quite common among the youth, at least in urban Canada, between one-third and one quarter of students surveyed indicated that they had carried some form of weapon at school over the previous year. Data drawn from Statistics Canada has revealed that the number of reported incidents of violent crimes by males aged 12-17 have risen 64% and more than doubled for females during the decade beginning in 1989 and ending in 1999. A study conducted in Southern Ontario, exploring student perceptions of violence in schools, revealed significant levels of fear relating to possible victimisation. It is these more serious crimes involving young offenders that the government has been forced to deal with. Many suggestions have been made and many bills have been voted on but still no sure fire solution to the problem exists. The latest idea brewing in Parliament is the use of boot camps to punish young offenders; however others believe sending young offenders to boot camp is not the answer and there are more efficient ways to correct their negative behaviour. The newest brain-storm that politicians have dwelled upon is sending young offenders that commit serious offences to boot camp. The first question that comes to mind is what is a boot camp? A boot camp is an alternative place to send youths between the ages of 12-17 who commit serious criminal offences. Boot camps have five basic goals: (1) incapacitation, (2) deterrence, (3) rehabilitation, (4) reduction of prison costs and crowding, and (5) punishment (Colledge Gerber, 1998). These facilities are designed to resocialize the bad-boys and bad-girls into citizens that will be accepted back into society. The plan is to use a military style to punish the kids and in return teach them discipline and transform them back to law abiding citizens . Punishment ranges from rigorous exercise running extra laps around the barracks with a pack on, combinations of sit-ups, chin-ups and pushups reduced meals or meals outdoors, and work detail, such as digging a whole alone outside for a week (Simpson, 1996, p. A1). The government feels that with these military style boot camps the percentage of violent crimes by young offenders will begin to decrease. On the other hand, there is another group of people who do not support the idea of installing a boot camp system into the criminal legislation. First of all the idea of boot camps was instituted in Britain. The results were not even close to what the British Government expected. There was barely even a change in the reduction of the percent of young offenders involved in violent crimes. This raises the thought of what will make the results in Canada any different from those found in Britain. The people against boot camps seem to be believers in the fact that jail and boot camps arent the best way to punish a young offender. Instead, they said, there needs to be a stronger focus on discouraging conditions which lead to criminal behaviour through school and neighbourhood programs. And when a crime is committed by a 12-17 year old, there should be alternative punishments to jail (Honywill, 1996, p. N1). The critics of boot camps also believe that to stop crime there has to be a lot more attention paid to prevention and nothing else. Dr. Mark Sandford of McMaster University, said anti-social behaviour takes many years to develop and cannot be solved by quick solutions such as jail or the so-called boot camps, where young people are forced to do strenuous labour during a period of incarceration (Honywill, 1996, p. 2). .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d , .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d .postImageUrl , .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d , .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d:hover , .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d:visited , .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d:active { border:0!important; } .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d:active , .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud9086c32da787230f5aa3603f3bfaa4d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Critical Thinking and Decision Making EssayThe decision the critics have come to is boot camps are not the right way to go and there has to be other options open for the punishment of young offenders. In relation to the alternatives for young offenders, places such as Custody Centers are an enhanced option to consider for the process of rehabilitating younger kids. The Prince George Youth Custody Center is a secure facility providing a full range of programs to allow youths to make maximal constructive use of their time while in custody (http://members. pgonline. com/pgycc/). The P. G. Y. C. C. s located in British Columbia and is responsible for the custody arrangements f or all the interior regions. All youths that are admitted into this center are between the ages of 12 and 17. The residents are responsible for their chores, laundry and personal hygiene, and on weekends school is replaced by a variety of programs that emphasise upon special events involving outside community groups. The Center also has many programs that the youths are to take part in. Some examples of these programs are Teen Drug/Alcohol Awareness, Violence Prevention, Psychological Counselling, Arts and Crafts, and Recreation. The programs are designed to help the young offenders in the specific areas that the youths seem to be lacking in mental and physical development. Help of this extent is not available in jail or boot camps; therefor the teenagers will have a lot of one on one counselling and most likely will be properly rehabilitated. Overall the Prince George Youth Custody Center presents a much better atmosphere in order to correct behaviour and resocialize the young offenders back into the community once their time in custody is completed. There are other alternatives for the rehabilitation of young offenders rather than shipping them off to prison or boot camps. The boot camps and prisons do not offer the youths the proper treatment needed to transform a person from a criminal back to a normal citizen of society. Places such as Custody Centers offer a more controlled and logical process of programs developed especially for the special kids sent to these places. It is believed that a program such as the P. G. Y. C. C. will ultimately be more effective in correcting the behaviour of young offenders and in conjunction lower the rate of youth crime around the country.

Wuthering Heights And Great Expectations Essays -

Wuthering Heights And Great Expectations Throughout the years authors have written many great stories. Wuthering Heights, written by Emily Bronte, and Great Expectations by Charles Dickens are two examples of great stories. Both of these stories can be set off and paralleled to the other. The setting, time era, and lover's relationships are the elements of comparison and differentiation. The settings, in which the two stories take place, influence the people and the situations that occur. In Bronte's Wuthering Heights, the small town of Liverpool is the setting. The Earnshaw family is not as well off as the Linton's. This is compared to the small town off the ocean where Pip and Estella live. Pip's family is rather poor, and Estella lives in a large house with a wealthy aunt. The lives of the lover's in both stories revolved around the other partner's life. Estella moves away to Paris, but then meets Pip again in New York. He again pursues her and she marries another man. Catherine loves her adopted brother, but marries Edgar instead. The two meet again at her house and Edgar gets angry because he senses the love between the two. The different setting's of the lover's first acquaintance is the contrasting element. Pip meets Estella on a warm summer day while playing in the garden. Summer is a time of happiness, which drew Estella to grow fond of Pip. Summer is also a time of romance, which flourishes in the end. Heathcliff meets Catherine on a cold winter night after her family takes him in. Winter is a time of grief and gloominess, and therefore Catherine does not care for Heathcliff at first. Winter is also a time of death, because the leaves die and most animals are hibernating. This parallels with the outcome of Catherine and Heathcliff's relationship; she dies. The time era of the lover's plays a role on the outcome of the stories. Wuthering Heights, in a Victorian era, is set in a time where women strictly marry, have children, and keep the household in order. This makes women uncomfortable with themselves in making decisions that regard their future. Catherine was afraid to act on her true nature, so she married Edgar. Although she loved Heathcliff, she made the decision to betray him. ? I've no more business to marry Edgar Linton than I have to be in heaven. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him; because he is more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, they are the same; and Linton's is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire.? Although the two books were written a few years apart, the societies are entirely different. In Great Expectations, Estella grew up under her aunt's care. She had ambition and an education. She made decisions that better her. Estella moves to Paris to go to college and then to New York to work. She sees Pip as a ?poor? man, and marries another man. Catherine, from Wuthering Heights, is from a rather poor family. The Linton family educates and refines her. Her refinement complicates her raltionship with Heathcliff and leads to her marriage to the upper class Edgar Linton. Catherine unfortunately lives in the time when women married for money and social-status, but were also forced to be housewives as well. The two couples, Pip and Estella and Catherine and Heathcliff, come together in the end. Both struggle and learn from mistakes. Estella loves Pip, but she is afraid that he will hurt her, as her aunt was hurt. Estella is afraid because all of her life she is taught to not fall in love. When she does, she becomes afraid and flees because she does not know how to handle her new emotions. After she marries Drummel, she realizes her mistake and they divorce. Fate brings Pip and Estella together at her house on the ocean and they never part again. ?I took her hand in mine, and we went out of the ruined place?and I saw no shadow of another parting from her.? Catherine and Heathcliff are in love, but Catherine's decision to marry Edgar drives Heathcliff away. He returns to see her, and to find that she still loves him. He tells her of his plans to kill himself, but does not follow through with his plan in fear of hurting her. When Catherine dies, Heathcliff is devastated. He desperately wants to be with her. After Mr. Lockwood reports his